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          <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">谈谈区块链（去中心化）治理</h2>
        

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        <p>治理，这个词在英语系国家用的很多，国内使用比较少，原意是控制、引导和操纵，指的是在特定范围内行使权威。如何在众多不同利益共同发挥作用的领域建立一致或取得认同，以便实施某项计划。</p>
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<h2 id="区块链治理"><a href="#区块链治理" class="headerlink" title="区块链治理"></a>区块链治理</h2><p>区块链是去中心化的，那么<strong>如何协调众多的利益方来进行区块链平台的改进</strong>，这就是区块链治理，即治理让区块链进化。<br>改进通常包括：采用何种方案修复已知问题，加入哪些新的特性，甚至是如何管理社区资金。<br>利益方通常包括：持币者（用户）、矿工（或者验证人）、核心开发者、项目基金会。</p>
<p>区块链信任来源就是相互制衡下共同遵守规格，同时这种制衡也给治理带来了困难。</p>
<h2 id="区块链治理演进"><a href="#区块链治理演进" class="headerlink" title="区块链治理演进"></a>区块链治理演进</h2><h3 id="链下（社区）治理"><a href="#链下（社区）治理" class="headerlink" title="链下（社区）治理"></a>链下（社区）治理</h3><p>以比特币为例，治理过程大概是：社区广泛讨论 -&gt; 形成BIP（比特币改进提案）-&gt; 开发人员实现 -&gt; 矿工上线。</p>
<p>矿工选择什么样的BIP部署上线进而修改协议是最为关键的一步，而又难以达成一致因此有旷日持久的大区块vs.隔离见证的争议，最终共识分裂，形成分叉。</p>
<p>以太坊的治理过程与比特币类似，不过V神的巨大影响力以及以太坊一开始就有比较明确的发展路线图（代码中提前内置了对一些升级的准备），使得以太坊治理更容易达成共识（尤其是V神支持的某些改进）。 不过即便如此也因为DAO事件发生分叉。</p>
<p>链下治理的缺陷非常明显，就是很容易陷入争议，导致分支（有时即便达成了共识，效率也非常低）。</p>
<h3 id="链上治理"><a href="#链上治理" class="headerlink" title="链上治理"></a>链上治理</h3><p>针对分叉治理的缺陷， 逐渐有项目开始探索链上治理，持币者通过对进行投票表决，表决通过的提案才能部署上线。Decred最早实施了链上治理，在实际运行过程也遇到普通用户参与投票意愿很低，一些PoS链则通过 Staking 的方式和治理绑定，日常的治理有选出的验证人来进行，重大议题依然可以有持币者公决。</p>
<p>链上治理相对于链下（社区）治理有不小的进步，如何进行更好的链上治理，仍然是业界探索的方向之一。 </p>
<p>参考文章：<a href="http://123net.cn/2019/05/29/跨链释放-dapp-创新潜能/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://123net.cn/2019/05/29/跨链释放-dapp-创新潜能/</a></p>

      
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